The anti-Catholic Gordon Riots in London leave an estimated 300 to 700 people dead.

The Gordon Riots in London in 1780 involved several days of unrest and violence motivated by anti-Catholic sentiment. They began on 2 June 1780 with a large and orderly protest against the Papists Act 1778, which had somewhat reduced official discrimination against British Catholics enacted by the Popery Act 1698 . The Protestant Association, headed by Lord George Gordon, MP, noted that the law enabled Catholics to join the British Army and warned that the relaxation might enable Catholic soldiers to plot treason. The resultant protest led to widespread rioting and looting, including attacks on the buildings of Newgate Prison and of the Bank of England, and was the most destructive in the history of London.