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The world's first commercial jet airliner to reach production, the de Havilland Comet, had its maiden flight.
Second World War: Allied forces halted the Axis invasion of Egypt at the First Battle of El Alamein.
First World War: British mariner Charles Fryatt was executed in Bruges, Belgium, after a German court-martial found him guilty of being a franc-tireur.
The first shots of World War I were fired by the Austro-Hungarian river monitor Bodrog on Serbian defences near Belgrade.
A team of Italian climbers became the first to reach the summit of K2, the world's second-highest mountain.
First World War: The Battle of Passchendaele began near Ypres, Belgium, with the Allies aiming to force German troops to withdraw from the Channel Ports.
Jef Denyn hosted the world's first carillon concert at St. Rumbold's Cathedral in Mechelen, Belgium.
Tandy Corporation announced the TRS-80, one of the world's first mass-produced personal computers.
First World War: The British Empire's Sinai and Palestine campaign began with a victory at the Battle of Romani.
World War II: U.S. Marines initiated the first American offensive of the Guadalcanal campaign, with landings on Tulagi (pictured), Gavutu–Tanambogo and Guadalcanal in the Solomon Islands.
The Battle of Mulhouse began with France's first attack of World War I in an ultimately unsuccessful attempt to recover the region of Alsace from Germany.
World War II: In the first major naval engagement of the Guadalcanal campaign, Japan forced the U.S. Navy to withdraw from the Solomon Islands.
World War II: The Imperial Japanese Army lost the Battle of the Tenaru, the first of its three major land offensives during the Guadalcanal campaign.
First World War: German forces captured Rossignol in Belgium, taking more than 3,800 French prisoners.
The Battle of Cer ended with the first Allied victory of World War I.
Gottlieb Daimler patented the world's first internal-combustion motorcycle, the Reitwagen (replica pictured).
With the first use of his 1.2-metre (3.9 ft) telescope, then the largest in the world, William Herschel discovered a new moon of Saturn, later named Enceladus (pictured).
First World War: The Australian Naval and Military Expeditionary Force invaded German New Guinea, winning the Battle of Bita Paka.
Second World War: The Royal Navy lost its first warship in the war when German submarine U-29 torpedoed and sank HMS Courageous.
First World War: The German submarine U-9 sank three Royal Navy cruisers, resulting in approximately 1,450 deaths.