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World War II: The USS Indianapolis arrives at Tinian with components and enriched uranium for the Little Boy nuclear bomb.
World War II: The Red Army enters Lviv, a major city in western Ukraine, capturing it from the Nazis. Only 300 Jews survive out of 160,000 living in Lviv prior to occupation.
World War II: Battle of Grand Harbour, British forces on Malta destroy an attack by the Italian Decima Flottiglia MAS. Fort St Elmo Bridge covering the harbour is demolished in the process.
World War II: Allied forces successfully halt the final Axis advance into Egypt.
World War I: The Allies reach the Yser Canal at the Battle of Passchendaele.
Garry Davis, American pilot and activist, created the World Passport (died 2013)
Beginning of the 8th World Festival of Youth and Students.
World War II: Operation Gomorrah: The Royal Air Force bombs Hamburg, Germany causing a firestorm that kills 42,000 German civilians.
World War II: Soviet leader Joseph Stalin issues Order No. 227. In response to alarming German advances, all those who retreat or otherwise leave their positions without orders to do so are to be trie�
World War I: In the culmination of the July Crisis, Austria-Hungary declares war on the Kingdom of Serbia and begins the Great War.
Great Depression: In Washington, D.C., troops disperse the last of the "Bonus Army" of World War I veterans using arson, bayonets, sabers, tanks, tear gas, and vomit gas.
Max Nordau, Hungarian physician, author, and critic, co-founded the World Zionist Organization (died 1923)
The world's longest running music show Top of the Pops is broadcast for the last time on BBC Two. The show had aired for 42 years.
The Trans-Canada Highway, the then-longest national highway in the world, is officially opened.
World War II: Japanese submarine I-58 sinks the USS Indianapolis, killing 883 seamen. Most die during the following four days, until an aircraft notices the survivors.
World War I: German agents sabotaged U.S.-made munitions in New York Harbor that were to be supplied to the Allies.
George Dixon, Canadian boxer (World Bantamweight title) (died 1930)
World War II: The Battle of Smolensk concludes with Germany capturing about 300,000 Soviet Red Army prisoners.
World War I: The Battle of Passchendaele begins near Ypres in West Flanders, Belgium.