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Hurricane Diane, the first Atlantic hurricane to cause more than $1 billion in damages, formed between the Lesser Antilles and Cape Verde.
IBM presented the first program-controlled calculator to Harvard University, after which it became known as the Mark I (pictured).
The first section of the Great Northern Railway, now the southern section of the East Coast Main Line, opened between London and Peterborough.
On the verge of an impeachment and removal from office amid the Watergate scandal, Richard Nixon became the first president of the United States to resign.
The first meeting of the International Congress of Mathematicians was held in Zürich, Switzerland.
First Indochina War: The French Union withdrew its forces from Operation Camargue against the Việt Minh in central modern-day Vietnam.
American Civil War: The first major battle west of the Mississippi River, the Battle of Wilson's Creek, was fought.
The first wave of the Expulsion of the Acadians from the present-day Canadian Maritime provinces by the British began with the Bay of Fundy campaign at Chignecto.
Francis Light founded George Town (city hall pictured), the first British settlement in Southeast Asia and the present-day capital of the Malaysian state of Penang.
The first conclave to be held in the Sistine Chapel elected Roderic Borja as Pope Alexander VI to succeed Innocent VIII.
The state-owned Taedonggang Brewing Company inaugurated the first beer festival in North Korea.
Opha May Johnson became the first woman to enlist in the United States Marine Corps.
Bach led the Thomanerchor in Leipzig in the first performance of the chorale cantata, Nimm von uns, Herr, du treuer Gott, BWV 101.
The Rocky Horror Picture Show premiered in London, the first in its record-breaking run in cinemas, which continues in limited release.
One of the first recordings of music, of Arthur Sullivan's "The Lost Chord", was played at a press conference in London to introduce Thomas Edison's phonograph.
The Republic of Korea was established with Syngman Rhee (pictured) as its first president.
Jawaharlal Nehru (pictured) took office as the first prime minister of India, a post he held for 16 years.
Animal Farm, George Orwell's satirical allegory of Soviet totalitarianism, was first published.
The premiere of Götterdämmerung by Richard Wagner (pictured) closed the first Bayreuth Festival.
Australia won the fifth Test of the 1948 Ashes series, becoming the first Test cricket team to go undefeated in England, earning them the nickname "The Invincibles".