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John White, governor of the Roanoke Colony, the first English settlement in North America (located in present-day North Carolina), returned after a three-year absence to find it deserted (depicted).
The Bersey Electric Cab (pictured) entered service as the first electric taxi in London.
J. S. Bach led the first performance of Lobe den Herren, den mächtigen König der Ehren, BWV 137, a cantata setting the unchanged text of Neander's hymn.
Pluto (pictured) was photographed for the first time at the Yerkes Observatory in Williams Bay, Wisconsin, U.S., 21 years before it was officially discovered by Clyde Tombaugh.
The first Siege of Pensacola came to an end with the British and Creek abandoning their attempt to capture Pensacola in Spanish Florida.
Peninsular War: British and Portuguese forces put an end to the first French invasion of Portugal at the Battle of Vimeiro.
The national colours of Italy first appeared on a tricolour cockade in Genoa.
King Charles I raised the royal standard at Nottingham, marking the beginning of the First English Civil War.
The oldest known version of the Gutenberg Bible, the first major book produced on a printing press, was completed.
Rome was sacked for the first time in approximately 800 years by the Visigoths under Alaric I.
The NASA space probe Voyager 1 became the first man-made object to enter interstellar space.
Matthew Webb became the first person to swim across the English Channel, doing so in approximately 21 hours 40 minutes.
Italian astronomer Galileo Galilei (pictured) demonstrated his first telescope to Venetian lawmakers.
Pather Panchali, the first film in The Apu Trilogy by Satyajit Ray, was released and went on to win many Indian and international film awards.
The first edition of the Guinness Book of Records was published.
The NASA spacecraft Galileo flew by the asteroid 243 Ida and took photographs that later revealed the first known asteroid moon (both pictured).
Tom Thumb (replica pictured), the first American-built steam locomotive, took part in an impromptu race against a horse-drawn car in Maryland.
The Soviet Union conducted its first nuclear weapons test, detonating the 22-kiloton RDS-1.
Congress passed the Philippine Autonomy Act, the first formal and official declaration of the U.S.'s commitment to grant independence to the Philippines.
Under the Treaty of Nanking, an "unequal treaty" that ended the First Opium War, the Chinese island from which Hong Kong would grow was ceded to Britain.