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1683

Oxford University's Ashmolean Museum, the world's first university museum, opened

Oxford University's Ashmolean Museum, the world's first university museum, opened.

1955

Joe Brown and George Band, members of the British Kangchenjunga expedition, made the first ascent of the world's third-

Joe Brown and George Band, members of the British Kangchenjunga expedition, made the first ascent of the world's third-highest mountain but deliberately did not set foot on the summit.

1917

A socialist convention in Leeds, United Kingdom, called for an end to the First World War and the establishment of Worke

A socialist convention in Leeds, United Kingdom, called for an end to the First World War and the establishment of Workers' and Soldiers' Delegates across the country.

1917

First World War: The British Army detonated 19 ammonal mines under German lines, killing perhaps 10,000 in the deadliest

First World War: The British Army detonated 19 ammonal mines under German lines, killing perhaps 10,000 in the deadliest non-nuclear man-made explosion in history during the Battle of Messines.

1944

World War II: The United States Army Air Forces began the first air raid of its strategic bombing campaign against the J

World War II: The United States Army Air Forces began the first air raid of its strategic bombing campaign against the Japanese archipelago, although little damage was caused.

1861

American Civil War: The Battle of Vienna, Virginia, took place, which involved one of the world's first military movemen

American Civil War: The Battle of Vienna, Virginia, took place, which involved one of the world's first military movements of troops by train.

2000

Following the killing of two English football fans by Galatasaray supporters in the previous month, British and Turkish

Following the killing of two English football fans by Galatasaray supporters in the previous month, British and Turkish hooligans rioted on the day of the UEFA Cup Final in Copenhagen, Denmark.

1963

United States Attorney General Robert F

United States Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy met with African American author James Baldwin in an unsuccessful attempt to improve race relations.

1998

White supremacists murdered James Byrd Jr

White supremacists murdered James Byrd Jr., an African American, by chaining him behind a pickup truck and dragging him along an asphalt road in Jasper, Texas.

1963

Buddhist crisis: A protest against pro-Catholic discrimination was held outside the National Assembly of South Vietnam i

Buddhist crisis: A protest against pro-Catholic discrimination was held outside the National Assembly of South Vietnam in Saigon, the first open demonstration against President Ngô Đình Diệm.

1704

John Campbell released the first issue of The Boston News-Letter, the first continuously published newspaper in British

John Campbell released the first issue of The Boston News-Letter, the first continuously published newspaper in British North America.

2025

Cardinal Robert Francis Prevost was elected as Pope Leo XIV (pictured), making him the first pope born in the United Sta

Cardinal Robert Francis Prevost was elected as Pope Leo XIV (pictured), making him the first pope born in the United States, the first to hold either U.S. or Peruvian citizenship, the first from the O�

1643

First English Civil War: The first siege of Wardour Castle ended after six days with the surrender of the Royalist garri

First English Civil War: The first siege of Wardour Castle ended after six days with the surrender of the Royalist garrison under Lady Blanche Arundell

1974

India conducted its first nuclear test explosion at Pokhran, the first confirmed nuclear test by a nation outside the fi

India conducted its first nuclear test explosion at Pokhran, the first confirmed nuclear test by a nation outside the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council.

325

The First Council of Nicaea (depicted), the first ecumenical council of the Christian Church, was formally opened by Con

The First Council of Nicaea (depicted), the first ecumenical council of the Christian Church, was formally opened by Constantine the Great.

325

The First Council of Nicaea, the first ecumenical council of the Christian Church, was formally opened by Constantine th

The First Council of Nicaea, the first ecumenical council of the Christian Church, was formally opened by Constantine the Great.

1874

Giuseppe Verdi's Requiem was first performed in the San Marco church in Milan to commemorate the first anniversary of Al

Giuseppe Verdi's Requiem was first performed in the San Marco church in Milan to commemorate the first anniversary of Alessandro Manzoni's death.

1910

Frenchman Louis Paulhan landed his biplane at Manchester, having departed from London the previous day, to win the world

Frenchman Louis Paulhan landed his biplane at Manchester, having departed from London the previous day, to win the world's first long-distance air race.

1945

World War II: The U

World War II: The U.S. Army liberated Dachau, the first Nazi concentration camp, and killed German prisoners of war.

1942

World War II: Aircraft from Imperial Japanese Navy vessels attacked Allied naval forces, beginning the Battle of the Cor

World War II: Aircraft from Imperial Japanese Navy vessels attacked Allied naval forces, beginning the Battle of the Coral Sea, the first naval action in which the participating ships never sighted or�