The 1800s

1801 225 years ago

Frederick Muhlenberg, American minister and politician, 1st Speaker of the United States House of Representatives (born

Frederick Augustus Conrad Muhlenberg was an American minister and politician who was the first speaker of the United States House of Representatives from 1789 to 1791 and again fro…

Frederick Muhlenberg, American minister and politician, 1st Speaker of the United States House of Representatives (born

1801 225 years ago

Benedict Arnold, American general during the American Revolution later turned British spy (born 1741)

Benedict Arnold was an American-born British military officer who served during the American Revolutionary War. He fought with distinction for the American Continental Army and ros…

Benedict Arnold, American general during the American Revolution later turned British spy (born 1741)

1801 225 years ago

Maximilian Francis, archduke of Austria (born 1756)

Archduke Maximilian Francis of Austria was Elector of Cologne and Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights from 1780 until his death. Influenced by Enlightenment ideals, he sought to i…

Maximilian Francis, archduke of Austria (born 1756)

1801 225 years ago

Philippe Henri, marquis de Ségur, French general and politician, French Minister of Defence (born 1724)

Philippe Henri, Marquis de Ségur was a French military officer who was Marshal of France and Secretary of State for War under King Louis XV and later King Louis XVI. He was a grand…

Philippe Henri, marquis de Ségur, French general and politician, French Minister of Defence (born 1724)

1801 225 years ago

French astronomer Jean-Louis Pons co-discovered the first of his 37 comets, more than any other person in history.

Jean-Louis Pons was a French astronomer. Despite humble beginnings and being self-taught, he went on to become the greatest visual comet discoverer of all time: between 1801 and 18…

French astronomer Jean-Louis Pons co-discovered the first of his 37 comets, more than any other person in history.

1801 225 years ago

French Revolutionary Wars: The 32-gun Spanish frigate El Gamo was captured by the outmanned and outgunned HMS Speedy

The French Revolutionary Wars were a series of sweeping military conflicts resulting from the French Revolution that lasted from 1792 until 1802. They pitted France against Great B…

French Revolutionary Wars: The 32-gun Spanish frigate El Gamo was captured by the outmanned and outgunned HMS Speedy

1801 225 years ago

First Barbary War: The Barbary corsairs of Tripoli declared war on the United States by cutting down the flagstaff in fr

The First Barbary War (1801–1805), also known as the Tripolitan War and the Barbary Coast War, was a conflict during the 1801–1815 Barbary Wars, in which the United States fought a…

First Barbary War: The Barbary corsairs of Tripoli declared war on the United States by cutting down the flagstaff in fr

1801 225 years ago

French Revolutionary Wars: A Royal Navy squadron failed to eliminate a smaller French Navy squadron at Algeciras…

The French Revolutionary Wars were a series of sweeping military conflicts resulting from the French Revolution that lasted from 1792 until 1802. They pitted France against Great B…

French Revolutionary Wars: A Royal Navy squadron failed to eliminate a smaller French Navy squadron at Algeciras…

1801 225 years ago

French Revolutionary Wars: A squadron of British ships of the line defeated a larger squadron of Spanish and French…

The French Revolutionary Wars were a series of sweeping military conflicts resulting from the French Revolution that lasted from 1792 until 1802. They pitted France against Great B…

French Revolutionary Wars: A squadron of British ships of the line defeated a larger squadron of Spanish and French…

1801 225 years ago

First Barbary War: USS Enterprise, an American schooner, captured the Tripolitan polacca Tripoli in a single-ship…

The First Barbary War (1801–1805), also known as the Tripolitan War and the Barbary Coast War, was a conflict during the 1801–1815 Barbary Wars, in which the United States fought a…

First Barbary War: USS Enterprise, an American schooner, captured the Tripolitan polacca Tripoli in a single-ship…

1800

The Septinsular Republic is established

The Septinsular Republic, also known as the Republic of the Seven United Islands, was an oligarchic republic that existed from 1800 to 1807 under nominal Russian and Ottoman sovere…

The Septinsular Republic is established

1800

The United States Library of Congress is established when President John Adams signs legislation to appropriate $5,000 t

The Library of Congress is a research library in Washington, D.C., serving as the library and research service for the United States Congress and the de facto national library of t…

The United States Library of Congress is established when President John Adams signs legislation to appropriate $5,000 t

1800

The 6th United States Congress recesses, and the process of moving the Federal government of the United States from Phil

The 6th United States Congress was the 6th meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives. It …

The 6th United States Congress recesses, and the process of moving the Federal government of the United States from Phil

1800

David Thompson reaches the mouth of the Saskatchewan River in Manitoba

David Thompson was a British fur trader, surveyor, and cartographer, known to some native people as "Koo-Koo-Sint" or "the Stargazer". Over Thompson's career, he travelled 90,000 k…

David Thompson reaches the mouth of the Saskatchewan River in Manitoba

1800

The French Army of First Consul Napoleon Bonaparte defeats the Austrians at the Battle of Marengo in Northern Italy and

Napoleon Bonaparte, later known by his regnal name Napoleon I, was Emperor of the French from 18 May 1804 until his first abdication in 1814, with a brief restoration during the Hu…

The French Army of First Consul Napoleon Bonaparte defeats the Austrians at the Battle of Marengo in Northern Italy and

1800

War of the Second Coalition Battle of Höchstädt results in a French victory over Austria

The War of the Second Coalition (1798–1802) was the second war between revolutionary France and a coalition of European monarchies, led by Britain, Austria and Russia, and includin…

War of the Second Coalition Battle of Höchstädt results in a French victory over Austria

1800

War of the Second Coalition: Battle of Höchstädt results in a French victory over Austria

The War of the Second Coalition (1798–1802) was the second war between revolutionary France and a coalition of European monarchies, led by Britain, Austria and Russia, and includin…

War of the Second Coalition: Battle of Höchstädt results in a French victory over Austria

1800

The Maltese National Congress Battalions are disbanded by British Civil Commissioner Alexander Ball.

The National Congress Battalions, also known as the Truppe di Campagna, was an irregular military set up in Malta just after the Maltese rebellion against French rule in September …

The Maltese National Congress Battalions are disbanded by British Civil Commissioner Alexander Ball.

1800

Louis Christophe François Hachette, French publisher (died 1864)

Louis Christophe François Hachette was a French publisher who established a Paris publishing house designed to produce books and other material to improve the system of school inst…

Louis Christophe François Hachette, French publisher (died 1864)

1800

The Acts of Union 1800 are passed which merge the Kingdom of Great Britain and the Kingdom of Ireland into the United…

The Acts of Union 1800 were parallel acts of the Parliament of Great Britain and the Parliament of Ireland which united the Kingdom of Great Britain and the Kingdom of Ireland to c…

The Acts of Union 1800 are passed which merge the Kingdom of Great Britain and the Kingdom of Ireland into the United…

1800

Gabriel Prosser postpones a planned slave rebellion in Richmond, Virginia, but is arrested before he can make it happen.

Gabriel's Rebellion was a planned slave rebellion in the Richmond, Virginia, area in the summer of 1800. Information regarding the revolt was leaked before its execution, and Gabri…

Gabriel Prosser postpones a planned slave rebellion in Richmond, Virginia, but is arrested before he can make it happen.

1800

The French garrison in Valletta surrenders to British troops who had been called at the invitation of the Maltese. The…

Valletta, also known as Città Umilissima, is the capital city of Malta and one of its 68 council areas. Located between the Grand Harbour to the east and Marsamxett Harbour to the …

The French garrison in Valletta surrenders to British troops who had been called at the invitation of the Maltese. The…

1800

Via the Third Treaty of San Ildefonso, Spain cedes Louisiana to France, which would sell the land to the United States…

The Third Treaty of San Ildefonso was a secret agreement signed on 1 October 1800 between Spain and the French Republic by which Spain agreed in principle to exchange its North Ame…

Via the Third Treaty of San Ildefonso, Spain cedes Louisiana to France, which would sell the land to the United States…

1800

French corsair Robert Surcouf, commander of the 18-gun ship La Confiance, captures the British 38-gun Kent.

Robert Surcouf was a French privateer, businessman and slave trader who operated in the Indian Ocean from 1789 to 1808 during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars. Capturin…

French corsair Robert Surcouf, commander of the 18-gun ship La Confiance, captures the British 38-gun Kent.