Explore 319 historical events from 1860–1869.
Memorial Day is a federal holiday in the United States for mourning the U.S. military personnel who died while serving in the United States Armed Forces. It is observed on the last…
Memorial Day first celebrated in United States at Waterloo, New York
The United States Congress is the legislative branch of the federal government of the United States. It is a bicameral legislature, including a lower body, the U.S. House of Repres…
The United States Congress establishes the nickel
Oliver Fisher Winchester was an American businessman and politician, best known as being the founder of the Winchester Repeating Arms Company.
Oliver Winchester founded the Winchester Repeating Arms
José de Diego y Martínez was a Puerto Rican statesman, journalist, poet, lawyer, and advocate for Puerto Rico's political autonomy in union with Spain and later of Puerto Rican ind…
José de Diego, Puerto Rican journalist, lawyer, and politician (died 1918)
The Memphis massacre of 1866 was a rebellion with a series of violent events that occurred from May 1 to 3, 1866, in Memphis, Tennessee. The racial violence was ignited by politica…
The Memphis Race Riots begin
Peruvians are the citizens of Peru. What is now Peru has been inhabited for several millennia by cultures such as the Caral before the Spanish conquest in the 16th century. Peruvia…
Peruvian defenders fight off the Spanish fleet at the Battle of Callao
Bedřich Smetana was a Czech composer who pioneered the development of a musical style that became closely identified with his people's aspirations to a cultural and political "revi…
Bedrich Smetana's comic opera The Bartered Bride premiered in Prague
The Fenian Brotherhood was an Irish republican organisation founded in the United States in 1858 by John O'Mahony and Michael Doheny. It was a precursor to Clan na Gael, a sister o…
The Fenians defeat Canadian forces at Ridgeway and Fort Erie, but the raids end soon after
Ernest Henry Starling was a British physiologist who contributed many fundamental ideas to this subject. These ideas were important parts of the British contribution to physiology,…
Ernest Starling, English physiologist and academic (died 1927)
Maurice Raoul-Duval was a French polo player who competed in the 1900 Summer Olympics.
Maurice Raoul-Duval, French polo player (died 1916)
Mary Haviland Stilwell Kuesel sometimes spelled Stillwell-Kuesel was a pioneer American dentist. She was the founder of the Women's Dental Association of the United States, which s…
Mary Haviland Stilwell Kuesel, American pioneer dentist (died 1936)
Thomas Barfoed Thrige was a Danish entrepreneur, industrialist and businessman. In 1894, he started the company Thomas B. Thrige, a manufacturer of electric motors, now known as T-…
Thomas B
Eric Alfred Leslie Satie, better known as Erik Satie, was a French composer and pianist. The son of a French father and a British mother, he studied at the Paris Conservatoire but …
Erik Satie, French pianist and composer (died 1925)
John Joseph O'Connor, also known as Peach Pie, was an American catcher, outfielder and first baseman in Major League Baseball in the American Association, the National League, and …
Jack O'Connor, American baseball player and manager (died 1937)
George Howells Broadhurst was an Anglo-American theatre owner/manager, director, producer and playwright. His plays were most popular from the late 1890s into the 1920s.
George Howells Broadhurst, English-American director and manager (died 1952)
Gopal Krishna Gokhale was an Indian political leader and a social reformer during the Indian independence movement, and political mentor of Indian freedom fighter Mahatma Gandhi. G…
Gopal Krishna Gokhale, Indian economist and politician (died 1915)
John Nicholas Ringling was an American entrepreneur who is the best known of the seven Ringling brothers, five of whom merged the Barnum & Bailey Circus with their own Ringling Bro…
John Ringling, American entrepreneur; one of the founders of the Ringling Brothers Circus (died 1936)
Miina Sillanpää was a Finnish politician. She served as Deputy Minister of Social Affairs in 1926–1927. She was Finland's first female minister and a key figure in the workers' mov…
Miina Sillanpää, Finnish journalist and politician (died 1952)
José Gabriel Gálvez Egúsquiza was a Peruvian lawyer, professor and liberal politician. During the presidential government of Mariano Ignacio Prado he was Secretary—i.e. Minister—of…
José Gálvez Egúsquiza, Peruvian politician (born 1819)
Nikolai Dmitrievich Brashman was a Russian mathematician of Jewish-Austrian origin. He was a student of Joseph Johann Littrow, and the advisor of Pafnuty Chebyshev and August David…
Nikolai Brashman, Czech-Russian mathematician and academic (born 1796)
Winfield Scott was an American military commander and a presidential candidate. He served as Commanding General of the United States Army from 1841 to 1861, and was a veteran of th…
Winfield Scott, American general, lawyer, and politician (born 1786)
Max Bruch was a German Romantic composer, violinist, teacher, and conductor who wrote more than 200 works, including three violin concertos, the first of which has become a staple …
German composer Max Bruch (pictured) conducted the premiere of his first violin concerto, which later became his most fa
The Shield nickel was the first United States five-cent piece to be made out of copper-nickel, the same alloy of which American nickels are struck today. Designed by James B. Longa…
The United States Congress authorized the minting of the Shield nickel (example pictured), the country's first five-cent
Bedřich Smetana was a Czech composer who pioneered the development of a musical style that became closely identified with his people's aspirations to a cultural and political "revi…
Bedřich Smetana's comic opera The Bartered Bride (cover of score pictured) premiered in Prague